The central bank increased interest rates for the first time in more than three years and warned that inflation would climb to about 5 percent next year, far above its target.
Her plan to depart in February, months before the end of an eight-year term, sets in motion a selection process among European leaders for a new central bank president.
Christine Lagarde’s appointment as the European Central Bank’s first female president was the latest step in a career of breaking gender barriers, while also contending with economic crises.
John Healey, Britain’s chancellor, carrying the traditional red ministerial box on Wednesday as he leaves for the House of Commons to deliver the first budget.