Much of what we know about how a brain makes decisions comes from studying monkeys watching dots. In a task known as a random-dot-motion task, a cloud of flickering specks drifts weakly in one direction while the subject tries to determine whether—and in which direction— it’s moving. The task has shown that in the primate neocortex, neurons gather visual evidence over time, with their firing rates climbing until they cross a threshold, when the animal commits to a decision.

But avian brains don’t have a neocortex, so it wasn’t obvious how they made similar decisions.

“This was the big question,” said Andreas Nieder, a neurobiologist at the University of Tübingen. “How [would] a differently organized avian brain encode decisions?”

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© Santiago Urquijo

A southern cassowary at the Adelaide Zoo has laid eggs there for the first time in 34 years, after a carefully managed breeding process.

© Zoos South Australia